The Sioux are a group of Native American peoples who traditionally lived across the Great Plains of North America, in areas that are now North Dakota, South Dakota, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, and parts of Canada. The name “Sioux” comes from a French adaptation of an Ojibwe word, but many of these peoples call themselves Dakota, Lakota, or Nakota, depending on their specific nation and dialect. These three names are often translated as “friend” or “ally.”

For centuries, the Sioux were skilled hunters who followed vast herds of buffalo across the plains. They lived in cone-shaped homes called tipis that could be quickly assembled and taken down, perfect for a mobile lifestyle. They were also famous as expert horsemen, using horses (which had been introduced to North America by Spanish explorers) to hunt and travel great distances.

The Sioux fought to protect their lands and way of life as American settlers moved westward in the 1800s. Leaders like Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse led their people during conflicts with the U.S. Army, including the Battle of the Little Bighorn in 1876. Today, many Sioux live on reservations in the Dakotas and other states, working to preserve their languages, traditions, and culture while also participating fully in modern American life.

When you see “Sioux” in history books, remember it refers to several distinct but related nations with their own rich cultures and proud histories.