Astringent describes something that causes your mouth, skin, or other tissues to pucker, tighten, or dry out. When you bite into a piece of unripe fruit or taste something very sour and bitter, that sharp, puckering sensation is astringent. Your mouth might feel dry and your lips might tighten up, almost like the moisture has been squeezed out.

Some plants and fruits are naturally astringent. Unripe persimmons are so astringent they can make your whole mouth feel like it's shriveling. Strong black tea, cranberries, and certain types of apples have astringent qualities too. This happens because they contain substances called tannins that interact with proteins in your mouth.

In medicine and skincare, astringent can refer to liquids that tighten skin and close pores. A doctor might use an astringent solution to clean a wound.

The word can also describe personalities or writing styles that feel sharp, stern, or harsh. An astringent comment cuts straight to the point without sugar-coating anything. An astringent critic might write reviews that are brutally honest but fair. Just like the physical sensation, an astringent personality or remark has a quality that makes you wince a little, even if it's ultimately helpful or truthful.