Climate change refers to long-term shifts in Earth's weather patterns and average temperatures. Over the past century, the planet has been warming significantly, partially or substantially because of humans burning coal, oil, and gas for energy. These fuels release carbon dioxide and other gases that trap heat in the atmosphere, like a blanket wrapped around the Earth.

The effects show up in various ways: glaciers melting, sea levels rising, hurricanes becoming more intense, droughts lasting longer in some regions while other areas experience heavier rainfall. Animals and plants that evolved to live in specific temperature ranges must adapt, move, or face extinction. Farmers notice their growing seasons changing. Coastal cities plan for higher tides.

Understanding climate change matters because the choices we make now about energy, transportation, and land use will shape the planet's future climate. Scientists worldwide study these patterns, as well as invent new technologies and energy sources, to help societies prepare and respond to the potential consequences of climate change.