A dwarf is someone born with a medical condition that affects bone growth, resulting in short stature and distinctive body proportions. People with dwarfism are typically under four feet ten inches tall as adults, and they have the same intelligence, feelings, and capabilities as anyone else. Many famous actors, athletes, and professionals have dwarfism and lead successful, full lives.

In fantasy stories and mythology, dwarves (the plural often used for the imaginary kind) are fictional beings known for mining, metalworking, and craftsmanship. Tolkien's dwarves in The Hobbit are tough, loyal warriors who guard their mountain kingdoms and create magnificent treasures. Norse mythology features dwarves as master craftsmen who forge magical weapons and jewelry for the gods.

The word can also describe anything unusually small for its type. Dwarf planets like Pluto orbit the Sun but haven't cleared other objects from their orbital path. A dwarf star is smaller and cooler than many other stars. Gardeners might plant dwarf varieties of trees that stay compact, perfect for small yards.

When talking about real people, many prefer terms like “person with dwarfism” or “little person” rather than just “dwarf,” which can sound disrespectful. Having dwarfism is simply one characteristic of a person, not their whole identity.