Dwarfism is a medical condition where a person's bones grow differently, resulting in a much shorter adult height than average. People with dwarfism are typically under 4 feet 10 inches tall when fully grown, though their exact height varies depending on the specific type of dwarfism they have.

There are over 400 different types of dwarfism, but the most common is called achondroplasia. People with achondroplasia have shorter arms and legs compared to their torso, and they're born this way because of how their genes affect bone growth. Other types affect the body differently: some people with dwarfism have proportions similar to average-height people but are simply much smaller overall.

Many people with dwarfism live normal lives: they go to school, have careers, play sports, raise families, and do everything other people do. Some face physical challenges, like needing step stools to reach high shelves or having cars modified so they can reach the pedals, but these are practical matters, not limits on what they can achieve.