learn
To gain new knowledge, understanding, or skills.
To learn means to gain knowledge, understanding, or skill through study, experience, or being taught. When you learn multiplication tables, you're adding new math skills to your brain. When you learn to ride a bike, you're training your body and mind to work together in a new way. When you learn that Antarctica is the coldest continent, you've added a fact to your understanding of the world.
Learning happens in many ways. Sometimes you learn by listening to a teacher explain something. Other times you learn by trying something yourself and figuring out what works. You can learn from books, from mistakes, from watching others, or from asking questions. A scientist learns about nature by doing experiments. A musician learns a song by practicing it over and over.
The beautiful thing about learning is that it never really stops. Adults learn new things throughout their lives: new jobs, new hobbies, new languages, new recipes. Your brain is built to learn, constantly making connections and storing information.
When you say you learned your lesson, you mean you figured something out from an experience, usually a mistake you won't repeat. When something is a learning experience, it means you gained valuable understanding from it, even if it was difficult at the time.