Private means belonging to or meant for one person or a small group, not shared with everyone or the public. Your diary is private because you don't want others reading your thoughts. A private conversation between you and your best friend isn't meant for the whole class to hear. When you close your bedroom door because you want time alone, you're seeking privacy.

The word contrasts with public. A public park is open to everyone, but a private club admits only members. Public schools serve all children in a community, while private schools choose their students and charge tuition. A company can be public, with shares anyone can buy, or private, owned by specific people or families.

Private also describes things that aren't connected to the government or official duties. If the mayor volunteers at a soup kitchen on the weekend, that's part of her private life, separate from her public role. A private citizen is someone not holding government office.

In the military, a private is the lowest enlisted rank, a basic soldier learning their duties.