Pygmy (also spelled pigmy) describes people or things that are notably smaller than usual for their type.

The word most commonly refers to several ethnic groups in Central Africa whose adult members are typically shorter than five feet tall. These groups, including the Mbuti, Baka, and Twa peoples, have lived in African rainforests for thousands of years. These communities have rich cultures, sophisticated knowledge of forest plants and animals, and their own languages and traditions.

Scientists also use pygmy to describe unusually small versions of animals. A pygmy hippopotamus weighs about 400 pounds compared to a regular hippo's 3,000 pounds. Pygmy marmosets are the world's smallest monkeys, fitting easily in your hand. Pygmy owls stand only six inches tall.

When describing people, the word requires care because it can feel disrespectful. Many people prefer specific group names like Mbuti or Baka rather than the general label.